Alpha Natural Resources, Inc. , Alpha Appalachian Holdings (formerly Massey Energy), and 66 subsidiaries agreed to spend an estimated 200 million to install and operate wastewater treatment systems and to implement comprehensive, system-wide upgrades to reduce discharges of pollution from coal mines in Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia. Overall, the settlement covered approximately 79 active mines and 25 processing plants in these five states. The companies were also required to pay a civil penalty of 27.5 million for thousands of violations of the Clean Water Act.