Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei (1564 - 1642) is considered a name synonymous to the birth of science. He was an astronomer, physicist, engineer and mathematician who developed the scientific method and set the foundational stones for modern science. He is best known for his work in astronomy in helping to prove that the world was spherical and orbited the sun and for first discovering the moons of Jupiter. For making such declarations he was charged with heresy by the Roman Catholic Church and sentenced to life under house arrest, where he died some years later.
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